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IHT400 Form: Complete Guide to UK Inheritance Tax Returns

· 26 min

Note: The following scenario is fictional and used for illustration.

James Richardson thought completing his mother's IHT400 form would take an afternoon. Eight weeks later, HMRC still hadn't processed it because he'd undervalued her property by £15,000 and forgotten to include a £12,000 gift she'd made to his sister four years earlier. The delay meant he couldn't access his mother's bank accounts to pay her care home fees—and the penalties were mounting.

James isn't alone. In 2025, HMRC scrutinizes these returns carefully, with complex estates facing extended processing times. With inheritance tax receipts reaching £8.2 billion in 2024/25—representing a 10.8% increase over the previous year—HMRC reviews submissions thoroughly to ensure accurate valuations and complete declarations.

If you're an executor facing the IHT400 form, this guide explains exactly when you need it, which of the 36 supplementary schedules apply to your estate, how to avoid the errors that trigger delays, and what happens after you submit.

Table of Contents

What Is the IHT400 Form?

The IHT400 is HMRC's full Inheritance Tax account that executors must complete for estates that don't qualify as "excepted estates." It's the comprehensive form that calculates the exact inheritance tax liability on an estate before probate can be granted.

The form consists of a main IHT400 document plus supplementary schedules (numbered IHT401 through IHT436) that cover specific asset types. You only complete the schedules that apply to your particular estate. The IHT400 is an interactive PDF that must be completed using Adobe Reader—you cannot save partially completed data, so you need to gather all information before starting.

Unlike simpler probate forms, the IHT400 requires detailed asset valuations at the date of death, declarations of gifts made within seven years of death, and precise calculations of exemptions and reliefs. This is the form HMRC uses to determine whether tax is due and to issue the IHT421 probate summary to the probate registry.

In 2023, 277,745 grants of representation were issued in England and Wales, but only a proportion of these required full IHT400 returns. Many estates qualified as "excepted" and used simplified processes instead.

When You Must Use Form IHT400 (vs. Simpler Options)

You must use form IHT400 when the estate doesn't qualify as "excepted" under HMRC's criteria. Understanding these criteria helps you determine which form you need.

Three types of excepted estates exist:

Low value estates qualify when the gross estate doesn't exceed £325,000 (the nil-rate band), foreign assets are under £100,000, assets held in trust are below £250,000, and specified transfers within seven years of death don't exceed £250,000. These estates use the simpler PA1P form. Learn more about inheritance tax thresholds and exemptions.

Exempt estates pass entirely to a spouse, civil partner, or charity, with a total value under £3 million. Even high-value estates can qualify as excepted if everything goes to an exempt beneficiary.

Foreign domicile estates apply when the deceased was permanently domiciled outside the UK and their UK assets don't exceed £150,000.

You need the full IHT400 when:

The estate value exceeds £325,000 (or £650,000 if claiming a transferable nil-rate band from a deceased spouse). The estate includes complex assets like business interests, agricultural property, or unlisted shares requiring specialist reliefs. Foreign assets exceed £100,000. Assets held in trust exceed £250,000. Gifts made within seven years of death exceed £250,000 in total.

Here's how to decide:

Sarah's estate was valued at £310,000 with no gifts or foreign assets. Her executors used the simplified PA1P form—no IHT400 needed.

Thomas died leaving a £290,000 UK estate but also owned an £80,000 Spanish apartment. Because his total foreign assets exceeded £100,000, his executors needed the full IHT400 despite his overall estate being under £325,000.

Jennifer's estate was worth £2.8 million, but everything passed to her husband. Because the estate was entirely exempt (spouse exemption) and under £3 million, her executors used form PA1P rather than IHT400.

Margaret died with an estate worth £480,000. This exceeded the nil-rate band, so her executors had to complete form IHT400 with the relevant supplementary schedules.

David's estate totaled £295,000, but he had £120,000 in trust assets. Because trust assets exceeded the £250,000 threshold for excepted estates, his executors needed IHT400 despite the total being below £325,000.

This guide covers the IHT400 process for estates in England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland have different probate procedures.

IHT400 Supplementary Schedules: Which Ones Apply?

The main IHT400 form works alongside supplementary schedules that provide detailed information about specific asset types. You only complete the schedules that apply to your estate—don't submit irrelevant forms, as this slows HMRC processing.

Most common schedules used by approximately 80% of estates:

IHT405 covers houses, land, and buildings. Use this for the deceased's main residence, buy-to-let properties, commercial property, or land. You'll need market valuations at the date of death—typically three estate agent valuations or a RICS surveyor's assessment, as explained in our guide on how to value an estate for probate.

IHT406 covers bank and building society accounts. This includes current accounts, savings accounts, ISAs, and premium bonds. You need the exact balance on the date of death, which banks will provide with a date-of-death statement.

IHT407 covers household and personal goods including furniture, jewelry, vehicles, collectibles, and personal belongings. HMRC expects realistic valuations—you can group items unless individual pieces are particularly valuable.

IHT402 allows you to claim the transferable nil-rate band from a deceased spouse or civil partner. If the first spouse didn't use their full £325,000 allowance, the surviving spouse's estate can claim the unused portion.

IHT403 covers gifts and other transfers of value made within seven years of death. This includes cash gifts, property transfers, and assets sold at less than market value. Even gifts that qualified for annual exemptions need to be declared.

IHT404 covers jointly owned assets where the deceased owned property, bank accounts, or investments with another person. You only include the deceased's share—typically 50% for joint tenancy arrangements.

Specialist schedules for complex estates:

IHT413 covers business and partnership interests where the estate may qualify for business property relief, potentially reducing tax by 50% or 100% on qualifying business assets.

IHT414 covers agricultural relief for farms and agricultural property, which can reduce the value by 50% or 100% depending on the farming arrangement.

IHT412 covers unlisted stocks and shares—companies not traded on a recognized stock exchange require specialist valuations.

IHT417 covers foreign assets including overseas property, bank accounts, and investments held outside the UK.

IHT418 covers assets held in trust where the deceased had an interest in a trust or created trusts during their lifetime.

All supplementary schedules from IHT401 through IHT436 are available from HMRC, but most estates only need three to five schedules.

Examples of which schedules to use:

Robert's estate included his house, two bank accounts, personal belongings, and he was married before his wife died. His executors completed IHT405 (property), IHT406 (bank accounts), IHT407 (household goods), and IHT402 (transferable nil-rate band from his deceased wife)—four schedules total.

Linda owned a family farm, her farmhouse, and some agricultural machinery used in the business. Her executors completed IHT414 (agricultural relief), IHT405 (property), and IHT413 (business machinery)—three schedules.

Michael left a UK property, a Spanish villa, and a joint bank account with his partner. His executors completed IHT405 (UK property), IHT417 (Spanish villa), and IHT404 (joint bank account)—three schedules.

Schedule What It Covers When Required
IHT402 Transferable nil-rate band Surviving spouse/civil partner claiming deceased's unused allowance
IHT403 Gifts Deceased made gifts within 7 years of death
IHT404 Joint assets Property or accounts owned jointly with another person
IHT405 Property Estate includes houses, land, or buildings
IHT406 Bank accounts All estates with savings or current accounts
IHT407 Personal goods Furniture, jewelry, vehicles, collectibles

How to Complete Your IHT400 Form Step-by-Step

Before you start the IHT400 form, understand that you cannot save progress—the interactive PDF must be completed in one session. Gather everything first.

Information you need before starting:

Full asset valuations at market value on the date of death. For property, obtain three estate agent valuations (they should be within 10% of each other) or commission a RICS surveyor for a professional valuation. HMRC will challenge estimates that appear too low. Understanding your executor duties and responsibilities helps you appreciate the importance of accurate valuations.

Bank and investment statements showing balances closest to the date of death. Contact each institution for official date-of-death valuations—don't rely on online banking balances, as these may not reflect the exact date.

Complete details of all gifts made within seven years before death, including the recipient, date, value, and nature of the gift. A £10,000 wedding gift given six years ago must be reported on IHT403.

The deceased's will and death certificate, along with marriage or civil partnership certificates if claiming transferable nil-rate band.

Your Inheritance Tax reference number if there's tax to pay (apply at least three weeks before submitting IHT400).

Section-by-section completion guide:

Pages 1-2 collect the deceased's personal details including full name, date of birth, date of death, marital status, domicile status, and National Insurance number. You'll also indicate which supplementary schedules you're including.

Pages 3-6 contain the asset summary automatically populated from your supplementary schedules. The form calculates total estate value by pulling figures from IHT405 (property), IHT406 (bank accounts), and other schedules you've completed.

Pages 7-9 cover exemptions and reliefs. This includes spouse exemption (for assets passing to a surviving spouse), charitable exemptions (for gifts to registered charities), and various tax reliefs like business property relief or agricultural relief.

Pages 10-12 calculate the inheritance tax liability. The form applies the nil-rate band (£325,000 plus any transferable amount from a deceased spouse), calculates tax at 40% on the excess, and shows the tax due.

Finally, complete the executor declaration confirming the information is accurate and complete to the best of your knowledge.

Technical requirements: You must use Adobe Reader to complete the form—other PDF readers won't work with the interactive features. When ready to submit, print the completed form double-sided if mailing to HMRC.

For joint assets, only include the deceased's share. If your mother and father owned their house as joint tenants, include 50%. If they owned it as tenants in common, include the actual percentage your mother owned according to the title deeds.

Getting Your Inheritance Tax Reference Number

An Inheritance Tax reference number is a unique identifier from HMRC that tracks your IHT400 submission and any tax payments. You only need this number if there's tax to pay—estates with no inheritance tax liability don't require a reference number.

Apply for your reference number at least three weeks before you plan to submit the IHT400 form. HMRC needs time to issue the number, and you can't submit your form without it if tax is due.

How to apply for your reference number:

The fastest method is online through HMRC's Inheritance Tax reference number service. You'll need basic details about the deceased and the estate. HMRC usually issues online applications within three working days.

Alternatively, call the Inheritance Tax and Probate Helpline on 0300 123 1072. Phone applications take longer—typically five to seven working days.

Once issued, you'll receive a letter containing your unique reference number. This number must be entered on the IHT400 form and used for all inheritance tax payments to HMRC.

Examples of when you need a reference number:

An estate with a gross value of £450,000 has tax liability after applying the nil-rate band. The executors must obtain a reference number before submitting IHT400 and use it when paying the tax due.

An estate worth £310,000 falls entirely within the nil-rate band—no tax is due, so no reference number is needed. The executors can submit IHT400 without applying for a reference.

A common mistake executors make is trying to submit the IHT400 before obtaining their reference number when tax is payable. HMRC will reject the submission, causing delays of several weeks.

Common IHT400 Mistakes That Cause Delays

Understanding the errors that trigger HMRC queries helps you avoid delays that extend probate by months.

The five most common IHT400 mistakes:

Inaccurate asset valuations cause the most problems. Using online property estimates from Zoopla or Rightmove instead of professional market valuations invites HMRC challenges. HMRC's district valuers can challenge any valuation they consider too low.

Emma valued her mother's house at £320,000 based on a Zoopla estimate. HMRC's district valuer assessed it at £365,000, resulting in £18,000 additional tax, a six-month delay while the valuation was disputed, and interest charges on the late tax payment.

Missing gifts create serious problems. Executors must report all gifts made within seven years of death, regardless of size. Failing to declare gifts can trigger penalties up to 100% of the tax due on those transfers.

Paul's father had given £15,000 to Paul's nephew five years before death. Paul didn't think to mention it because it went to another family member. When HMRC discovered the gift during their review, they assessed £6,000 additional tax plus a £500 penalty for an inaccurate return.

Incomplete schedules slow processing when executors forget required forms or leave questions blank. If the estate includes property, you must complete IHT405—there's no exception. Blank answers on mandatory questions trigger HMRC queries even when the information seems obvious.

No IHT reference number causes immediate rejection when tax is due. Submitting IHT400 before obtaining your reference number means HMRC returns the form unprocessed, adding three to four weeks to your timeline.

Submitting original documents creates problems. HMRC explicitly states: do not send your original will or death certificate. Send certified copies only. Executors who send originals face delays recovering these crucial documents.

Consequences of these errors:

Processing delays add an average of four to six weeks when HMRC queries your submission. You can't apply for probate until HMRC issues IHT421, so every query extends the time before you can access estate funds.

HMRC compliance checks can take months when serious discrepancies appear. Complex cases requiring detailed evidence and back-and-forth correspondence may not resolve for twelve weeks or longer.

Financial penalties apply for inaccurate returns. The initial penalty is up to £200 if you submit IHT400 more than twelve months after death without reasonable excuse. If the delay extends to twenty-four months, an additional penalty up to £3,000 applies.

Interest charges accrue on late tax payments at HMRC's current rate, adding hundreds or thousands of pounds to the bill depending on the estate value and delay length.

Prevention checklist:

Obtain three professional estate agent valuations for property, ensuring they're within 10% of each other. If valuations differ widely, commission a RICS surveyor.

Review bank statements for the seven years before death to identify all gifts over £250. Ask family members if the deceased made significant gifts you might not know about.

Use the IHT400 completion notes to identify every schedule you need. Cross-reference with the estate's asset list to ensure nothing is missed.

Apply for your IHT reference number three to four weeks before you plan to submit if tax is due.

Make certified copies of all supporting documents. Never send originals to HMRC.

What Happens After You Submit Your IHT400

Once HMRC receives your IHT400 and payment (if tax is due), a specific timeline and process begins.

HMRC aims to process IHT400 forms within 15 working days of receiving your form or payment, whichever is later. In practice, HMRC processes over 90% within this target timeframe. Complex estates requiring detailed review may take longer.

The critical 20-day wait: HMRC now recommends waiting 20 working days from when you submit your IHT400 before applying for probate. This allows time for HMRC to process your form and send the IHT421 electronically to the probate registry. If you apply too early, the probate registry can't match your application with HMRC's IHT421, causing delays.

Form IHT421 explained: This is HMRC's probate summary confirming they've reviewed your IHT400 and calculated the tax due. You don't need to request IHT421—HMRC sends it directly to the probate registry (in England and Wales) electronically. The probate registry needs this document before they'll issue your grant of probate.

If HMRC has queries about your submission:

HMRC will contact you by letter or phone within four to eight weeks if they have questions about valuations, missing information, or need additional evidence.

You'll need to provide supporting documentation such as estate agent valuation letters, bank statements showing gift transfers, or trust deeds for assets held in trust.

If HMRC opens a compliance check, expect the process to take twelve weeks minimum, often longer for complex estates with multiple issues.

If HMRC doesn't contact you within twelve weeks of receiving your IHT421, you can reasonably assume no compliance check is planned.

Final clearance comes later: Form IHT30 (different from IHT421) is issued twelve months or more after death when HMRC formally closes the estate file. This confirms all inheritance tax matters are concluded and no further tax is due.

Timeline examples:

Smooth process: Submit IHT400 on February 1st. HMRC processes it and issues IHT421 by February 22nd. Wait until February 29th (giving the full 20 working days). Apply for probate on March 1st. Grant issued by April 15th.

Query process: Submit IHT400. HMRC queries property valuation after three weeks. Provide three estate agent letters within one week. HMRC accepts evidence after two more weeks and issues IHT421. Total delay: five weeks beyond the standard timeline.

IHT400 Deadlines and Penalties

Understanding deadlines and the consequences of missing them helps you prioritize the IHT400 properly among your other executor duties.

IHT400 submission deadline: You must submit form IHT400 within 12 months of the date of death. This deadline applies even if you haven't finished administering the estate—the form must be submitted within twelve months.

Tax payment deadline: Inheritance tax must be paid by the end of the sixth month after death. For example, if someone dies on January 15th, tax is due by July 31st of the same year. This creates a significant challenge because tax is due before you receive the grant of probate, meaning you can't access estate bank accounts to pay the bill.

Many executors solve this cash flow problem using probate loans, paying from personal funds and reclaiming from the estate later, or asking banks to release funds directly to HMRC (some banks allow this before probate).

Interest charges accrue on late tax payments from the six-month deadline. Currently, HMRC charges approximately 7.5% annually, which adds substantial amounts to large estates.

Penalty structure for late submission:

If you submit IHT400 after twelve months without reasonable excuse, HMRC may impose an initial penalty up to £200.

If you still haven't submitted after twenty-four months (two years from death), an additional penalty up to £3,000 can apply.

If HMRC discovers you failed to report gifts correctly or provided inaccurate valuations, they can impose inaccuracy penalties up to 100% of the tax due, depending on whether the error was careless, deliberate, or deliberately concealed.

Reasonable excuse provisions: HMRC may waive penalties if you have genuine reasons for delay. Serious illness requiring hospitalization, essential information delayed by third parties, or other circumstances beyond your control may qualify as reasonable excuses.

Examples of reasonable excuse outcomes:

An executor's serious illness requiring surgery caused a two-month delay in submitting IHT400. HMRC accepted the medical evidence and waived the penalty.

An executor claimed "too busy at work" as the reason for a three-month delay. HMRC rejected this excuse and applied the £200 penalty.

Timeline pressure example:

Death occurs on March 15th, 2024. The IHT400 form is due by March 15th, 2025 (twelve months). However, tax is due by September 30th, 2024 (six months)—note that tax is due before the form deadline.

This creates pressure to complete valuations, gather gift information, and calculate tax liability within the first six months while arranging payment before accessing estate funds.

Correcting mistakes after submission: If you discover errors after submitting IHT400, use Form C4 (Corrective Account) to notify HMRC. Voluntary corrections receive more favorable penalty treatment than errors HMRC discovers during compliance checks.

When to Get Professional Help with IHT400

While many executors successfully complete IHT400 forms for straightforward estates, certain situations benefit from professional guidance. Understanding when to seek help protects you from costly errors and personal liability.

Red flags indicating you should consult a specialist:

Complex business interests require professional help. If the estate includes a trading company, partnership share, or business assets that may qualify for business property relief, a probate solicitor or tax advisor ensures you claim the correct relief percentage (50% or 100%) and meet all qualifying conditions.

Agricultural property needs specialist assessment. Family farms, agricultural land, and farmhouses may qualify for agricultural relief, but claiming this correctly requires understanding tenancy arrangements, working farmer requirements, and asset classifications. The potential tax savings on a family farm worth £800,000 could be substantial if the relief is claimed properly.

Foreign assets and domicile questions create complexity beyond most executors' expertise. If the deceased owned overseas property, held foreign bank accounts, or their domicile status is unclear (lived abroad for extended periods), specialist advice prevents expensive mistakes with international valuations and double taxation issues.

Trust arrangements almost always require professional help. Assets held in trust, discretionary trusts created during lifetime, or life interest trusts involve complex tax calculations and reporting requirements on supplementary schedules IHT418 and beyond.

Estates significantly exceeding £1 million benefit from professional review even when assets are straightforward. Larger estates attract closer HMRC scrutiny, and the cost of professional help (£2,000-£5,000) becomes proportionally smaller compared to the tax at stake and potential penalties.

Multiple beneficiaries with conflicting interests create risk. When family disputes exist or beneficiaries question the estate distribution, professional completion of IHT400 provides protection against claims you've undervalued assets or favored certain beneficiaries.

Uncertainty about valuations or reliefs warrants consultation. If you're unsure whether an asset qualifies for a specific relief, uncertain how to value unusual assets (art collections, antiques, intellectual property), or confused about which schedules to complete, professional guidance prevents expensive corrections later.

What professionals provide:

Probate solicitors and tax advisors offer accurate asset valuations through their networks of specialist valuers including RICS surveyors for property, qualified valuers for business interests, and expert assessors for unusual assets.

They complete and submit the IHT400 with all relevant schedules, taking responsibility for accuracy and calculations. This removes the burden from you as executor and provides professional indemnity insurance coverage if errors occur.

Specialists identify tax planning opportunities within legal parameters. A deed of variation executed within two years of death can redirect bequests to reduce inheritance tax. Claiming all available reliefs (business property relief, agricultural relief, spousal exemption optimization) can save substantial amounts.

Professional help protects you from personal liability. As executor, you're personally liable for inheritance tax due on the estate. If you undervalue assets or miss tax liabilities, HMRC can pursue you personally. Professional completion provides protection against this risk.

Finally, specialists handle HMRC queries and compliance checks on your behalf. When HMRC challenges valuations or opens a compliance investigation, having professional representation saves you months of correspondence and stress.

Typical professional costs:

Straightforward estate with property and bank accounts but no complex assets: £2,000-£3,500 for full IHT400 completion and probate application.

Complex estate with business interests or agricultural property: £4,000-£8,000 depending on the number of assets requiring specialist valuation and relief calculations.

Very complex estates with multiple trusts, foreign assets, and tax planning opportunities: £10,000+ but often saves significantly more in avoided tax and penalties.

When you can confidently handle IHT400 yourself:

Your estate is straightforward—UK property, bank accounts, personal belongings, no business interests, no trusts, no foreign assets exceeding £100,000.

You have clear records of all gifts made within seven years of death, or you're certain no significant gifts were made.

Property valuations from three estate agents are consistent (within 10% of each other), and you're confident in the market value.

The estate has no unusual assets requiring specialist valuation—no art collections, antiques, intellectual property, or business goodwill.

You have time to carefully review the IHT400 completion notes, gather all information before starting, and double-check calculations.

Specific scenarios where professional help proved valuable:

A family business worth £800,000 qualified for 100% business property relief, eliminating £320,000 in inheritance tax. The £4,500 cost of specialist advice saved the estate this substantial amount by ensuring the relief was claimed correctly with supporting evidence.

An executor uncertain about claiming a deed of variation consulted a solicitor who restructured the estate distribution within two years of death, saving £75,000 in inheritance tax while respecting the deceased's overall intentions.

Remember that professional help isn't an admission of defeat—it's recognizing when the stakes justify expert input. For straightforward estates, you can absolutely complete IHT400 yourself with the guidance in this article. For complex situations, the peace of mind and financial protection specialist help provides far outweighs the cost.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the IHT400 form and when do I need it?

A: The IHT400 is HMRC's full Inheritance Tax account form required when an estate doesn't qualify as 'excepted'—typically when it exceeds £325,000, includes complex assets, or has gifts made within 7 years of death. You must submit it within 12 months of death before applying for probate.

Q: How long does HMRC take to process an IHT400 form?

A: HMRC aims to process IHT400 forms within 15 working days of receiving the form or payment (whichever is later). They'll then issue form IHT421 directly to the probate registry. Wait 20 working days after submitting before applying for probate to avoid processing delays.

Q: What are the most common mistakes on IHT400 forms?

A: The most common errors include inaccurate asset valuations (using estimates instead of market values), failing to report gifts made within 7 years of death, missing supplementary schedules like IHT405 for property, and not obtaining an Inheritance Tax reference number before submission. These mistakes cause delays and can trigger penalties up to £3,000.

Q: Which supplementary schedules do I need with my IHT400?

A: Required schedules depend on the estate's assets. Common ones include IHT405 (property), IHT406 (bank accounts), IHT402 (transferable nil-rate band), IHT403 (gifts), and IHT404 (joint assets). You only complete schedules relevant to the specific estate—not all 36 schedules.

Q: Can I save and complete the IHT400 form later?

A: No, the IHT400 is an interactive PDF that cannot save partially completed data. You must complete it in one session using Adobe Reader. Gather all estate information, valuations, and supporting documents before starting to avoid losing your work.

Q: What happens after HMRC receives my IHT400 form?

A: HMRC reviews your form and issues IHT421 (probate summary) within 15 working days if everything is correct. They send this directly to the probate registry electronically. If HMRC has queries about valuations or missing information, they'll contact you before issuing IHT421, which delays probate.

Q: Do I need form IHT400 if the estate is below £325,000?

A: Not usually. Estates below £325,000 typically qualify as 'excepted estates' and use a simpler process. However, you still need IHT400 if the estate includes trust assets over £250,000, foreign assets over £100,000, or gifts exceeding £250,000 in the 7 years before death.

Conclusion

Key takeaways:

  • Form IHT400 is only required for non-excepted estates—those exceeding £325,000, containing complex assets, or involving gifts over £250,000 in the 7 years before death
  • Gather all asset valuations, bank statements, and gift records before starting because the form cannot save progress mid-completion
  • Apply for your Inheritance Tax reference number at least 3 weeks before submission if there's tax to pay
  • The most common errors—inaccurate property valuations, missing gift declarations, and incomplete schedules—cause processing delays and can trigger penalties
  • Submit your IHT400 at least 20 working days before applying for probate to allow HMRC to issue form IHT421 to the probate registry

Completing form IHT400 accurately is one of the most important responsibilities you'll have as an executor. While the form is undeniably complex, taking time to understand which schedules apply, gathering accurate valuations, and double-checking for common errors will help you avoid costly delays and penalties. Thousands of executors successfully complete IHT400 forms every month—with careful preparation and attention to detail, you can too.

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Legal Disclaimer:

This article provides general information only and does not constitute legal or financial advice. WUHLD is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice. Laws and guidance change and their application depends on your circumstances. For advice about your situation, consult a qualified solicitor or regulated professional. Unless stated otherwise, information relates to England and Wales.

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